The birth of the ancient Chinese bronze casting industry created the civilization of the Bronze Age. Bronze is one of the carriers of the splendid civilization of ancient China. It is famous for its wide variety of styles, exquisite shapes, rigorous and realistic paintings, and advanced and perfect casting technology. The bronze wares formed the style characteristics of each period in the development process. The bronze wares of the Shang and Zhou dynasties were famous for their quaint and simple simplicity. The bronze wares of the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period had the new characteristics of making dexterity and vivid decoration.
pot. The wine can also hold water. "Yi Li·Celebration": "Eight pots are set in the Western Order." Note: "Liquor Zun also." "Zhou Li·Yi Hu's": "The palm pot is used to make the military well." Note: "The water container is also "Yi Jiliang's father pot Ming: "Use Sheng wine." Bo Yi Hu Ming: "use the self-made pot." It is very clear that the pot is used in the bronze ritual combination. The production of bronze pots began in Yin Shang, down to the Qin and Han Dynasties. The square pots in the early Shang Dynasty were less common. With the changes of the times, the shape also changed constantly.
The shape of the pot is mostly long neck and round belly, and the mouth shape is like a skull shape and imitation. Therefore, in "Mao Chuan", there is also the saying "pot, ç“ also". In fact, the shape of the pot is varied, not only round, square, flat and squat, but also through the ear shape, garlic shape and so on. The shape is also changed by the times. Generally speaking, the Shang Dynasty pots are more oblate and round. The Western Zhou pot has a long neck, a round belly, a cover, and a beast ear ring. Spring and autumn pots are more oblate, ellipsoid, long neck, often with the beast as the ear, and the lotus petals are decorated. Some new features have appeared in the Warring States and the pots of the two Han dynasties.
Warring States enamel copper pot (Figure 1, 2): 32 cm high, 10.2 cm caliber, bottom diameter 13.6 cm. The mother-in-law, the round neck is high neck, the neck is a little extravagant, the shoulders are bulging, and the feet are round. The cover is slightly convex, with four buttons, and the cover is decorated with a cross pattern and a cloud-ray pattern fills the ground. The neck has four button circles, and the shoulders are decorated with symmetrical heads of the animal's head. The ear is double-eared with an active cross. The neck is decorated with six wide chords from the neck. The middle of the string is decorated with crepe lines and the feet are shallow. The clear and exquisite enamel surrounds the entire body, and each group is connected by clouds and air, arranged in order, dense and dense, with smooth lines and embossed three-dimensional effect. The shape of the whole machine is simple and elegant, and it is a typical style of the pot of the Warring States period.
èž is a kind of dragon with no horns. 虺 is a kind of small snake, all of which are curled and coiled. The squares are composed in a continuous way to form a large-area decoration. There is no raised main pattern, which is like a brocade-like pattern on the surface of the bronze. . The predecessors used to refer to the bronze wares. The larger ones are called crepe lines, and the smaller ones or the more flexed ones are called crepe lines. They are actually dragons and snakes. The popularity of this type of ornamentation was related to the bronze casting process at the time using the stamping method. This method is made by connecting the designed unit pattern molds to the embossing when making the mud tires. In order to ensure the completeness and completeness of the graphics, accurate design and calculation are required.
Han Dynasty string bronze pot (Fig. 3): The pot has a height of 30.4 cm, a diameter of 11.8 cm and a bottom diameter of 13.4 cm. Long neck, round belly, high circle foot, the mouth of the pot is slightly extravagant, the sides of the pot shoulder are decorated with double-story head ring ears, and the belly is decorated with three sets of convex string patterns. The shape is simple and atmospheric, dignified and heavy, which is the typical style of the early Han Dynasty pot.
Through the comparison of copper pots between the Warring States and the Han Dynasty, the copper pots of the Han Dynasty are generally more expensive than those of the Warring States. The belly is large and the foot is high. The Warring States pot is more than the Han pot. In addition, the pavilion of the Warring States pot is square, and the pot pot is square. The first is rectangular. These two bronze pots are beautiful in appearance, dignified and heavy, and the motifs are simple and mysterious. They are complex and luxurious. They not only reflect the exquisite craftsmanship and superb level of bronze making, but also represent the outstanding representative of this period.
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